Fig. 8. Expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells treated with TNFα and EMPA. Cells were treated with 0.02% DMSO (control), 10 ng/mL TNFα or 10 ng/mL TNFα with 1 µM EMPA. ICAM-1 levels were determined after 4h TNFα stimulation in HCAECs (a, n=7-8) and HUVECs (b, n=5). VCAM-1 levels were determined after 4h TNFα stimulation in HCAECs (c, n=8) and HUVECs (d, n=5). Representative FACS measurements of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 for all three conditions (e). Data are presented as mean±SD. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. TNFα.